Illness and Diseases

Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common pathogen in uterus during pregnancy, which may lead to some serious results such as miscarriage, stillbirth, cerebellar malformation, fetus developmental retardation, but its pathogenesis has not been fully explained. The hypofunction of extravillous cytotrophoblast (EVT) invasion is the essential pathologic base of some complications of pregnancy. c-erbB-2 […]

As Nordenfelt in particular criticizes the definitions of the concepts disease, illness, and sickness presented by Andrew Twaddle (Twaddle, 1994a, 1973, 1979), I will take these definitions as a point of departure and cite them at some length. According to Twaddle, disease is defined in the following way: ‘‘Disease is a health problem that consists […]