Illness and Diseases

The use of fully synthetic oligonucleotides as positive control material has been described recently. However, there were limitations as to the length of the oligonucleotide, which was generally unable to reach more than 130 bases. In many situations, for instance in the case of drug resistance mutations, nucleotide substitutions are often scattered within the target […]

Significant advances in molecular biology and human genomic research has paved the way for a host of new genetic diagnostic tests, including gene sequencing, detection, identification and genotyping of organisms using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or other amplification techniques such as multiplex PCR, reverse line blot hybridization (RLB), Ligase chain reaction (LCR), Rolling […]

Background Positive controls are an integral component of any sensitive molecular diagnostic tool, but this can be affected, if several mutations are being screened in a scenario of a pandemic or newly emerging disease where it can be difficult to acquire all the necessary positive controls from the host. This work describes the development of […]

Background Influenza virus infection activates NF-κB and is a general prerequisite for a productive influenza virus infection. On the other hand, non-structural protein 1 (NS1) suppresses this viral activated NF-κB, presumably to prevent expression of NF-κB mediated anti-viral response. NS1 proteins of influenza A viruses are divided into two groups, known as allele A and […]

A second caveat which seriously affects the quality of the data is that the entity to be studied not be distorted by the ability of proteins to be manipulated and expressed in some form in E. coli. There are currently crystal structures of an E1-E2 fusion protein (PDB codes 3MUU), chikungunya glycoproteins (PDB codes: 3N40;3N41;3N42;3N43;3N44;2XFB;2XFC) […]